Norfolk School District vs Kahlotus School District
CT · 61 students • WA · 59 students • fiscal year 2024 • swap sides
In one line
- Norfolk School District and Kahlotus School District spend within 2% of each other per student once local price levels are accounted for.
- Kahlotus School District directs 4 more cents of every operating dollar to instruction than Norfolk School District.
- Norfolk School District is far more dependent on local property taxes (85% of revenue vs 13%), which ties its budget more tightly to local property values.
- Kahlotus School District reports fewer students per teacher (5.9 vs 12.2). This is a staffing ratio, not an average class size.
Are these even comparable?
Establish the shape of each district before reading a single dollar figure.
| Norfolk School District | Kahlotus School District | |
|---|---|---|
| Students enrolled | 61 | 59 |
| Schools | 1 | 1 |
| Grades served | PK–6 | PK–12 |
| Setting | Rural | Rural |
| County | Northwest Hills Planning Region | Franklin County |
| State | CT | WA |
| Local price level (US = 100) BEA Regional Price Parity. Above 100 means a dollar buys less here than the national average. | 103.6 | 100.1 |
The headline dollar
Current operating spending per student, shown three ways. The first is what each district reports. The second and third are the honest ones for comparison.
| Norfolk School District | Kahlotus School District | |
|---|---|---|
| Per student, as reported | $54,125 | $52,958 |
| Per student, price-adjusted Divided by the local price level, so both figures are in the same money. | $52,239 | $52,917 |
| Per student, price-adjusted, excluding transport Transportation provision varies enormously between districts and states. Removing it compares the parts both districts actually do. | $49,292 | $51,293 |
| Capital spending per student Buildings and land, reported separately and never folded into the operating figures above. It is lumpy: a district mid-build looks expensive for two years. | Locked | Locked |
Norfolk School District
Kahlotus School District
Where the money comes from
The funding mix determines how exposed a district is to local property values, to state politics, and to federal programmes ending.
Norfolk School District
- Local 84.6% Locked
- State 13.2% Locked
- Federal 2.3% Locked
Kahlotus School District
- Local 12.6% Locked
- State 82.8% Locked
- Federal 4.5% Locked
| Norfolk School District | Kahlotus School District | |
|---|---|---|
| Local share of revenue Mostly property tax. A high share means school budgets track local property values, up and down. | 84.6% | 12.6% |
| State share of revenue | 13.2% | 82.8% |
| Federal share of revenue | 2.3% | 4.5% |
| Total revenue | Locked | Locked |
How CT funds its districts
We have not yet written up CT's funding formula, so nothing is claimed here.
How WA funds its districts
Prototypical school funding model: the state funds staffing ratios for a model school, with levies limited on top.
Where the money goes
The same slices in the same order for both districts, plus the differences by function — because two pie charts side by side hide exactly the thing you want to see.
Norfolk School District
- Instruction 51.0% Locked
- Instructional staff support 5.4% Locked
- Student support 1.9% Locked
- Operations & maintenance 16.0% Locked
- Transportation 5.6% Locked
- Food service 0.0% Locked
- School administration 8.1% Locked
- District administration 7.2% Locked
- Other support 0.0% Locked
- Other current 0.0% Locked
Kahlotus School District
- Instruction 59.5% Locked
- Instructional staff support 0.7% Locked
- Student support 2.9% Locked
- Operations & maintenance 16.1% Locked
- Transportation 3.1% Locked
- Food service 2.6% Locked
- School administration 1.0% Locked
- District administration 7.7% Locked
- Other support 5.7% Locked
- Other current 3.3% Locked
What is actually different
Share of each district's operating dollar, Norfolk School District minus Kahlotus School District. Two pie charts side by side are almost impossible to read against each other; this is the same data as one chart.
| Norfolk School District | Kahlotus School District | |
|---|---|---|
| Cents of each operating dollar reaching classrooms Instruction plus instructional staff support, as a share of current spending. | 56.5% | 60.2% |
| Administration share District office plus school administration. | 15.4% | 8.7% |
| Transportation share | 5.6% | 3.1% |
What the money buys
Staffing levels are the most direct thing a budget converts into.
| Norfolk School District | Kahlotus School District | |
|---|---|---|
| Students per teacher This is a staffing ratio: total enrolment divided by teaching staff. It is NOT average class size, which no national source collects. Actual classes are larger than this number in every district. | 12.2 | 5.9 |
| Students per counsellor | Locked | Locked |
| Students per administrator | Locked | Locked |
| Total salaries All staff, not teachers alone. The federal survey does not separate teacher pay. | Locked | Locked |
Who they serve
The answer to "but they serve different kids" — which is usually a fair objection.
| Norfolk School District | Kahlotus School District | |
|---|---|---|
| Child poverty rate Census SAIPE estimate of children aged 5–17 in poverty within the district boundary. Used instead of free-lunch eligibility, which community eligibility has made unusable for comparison. | 7.3% | 11.7% |
| English learners | 0 | 0 |
| Students with disabilities | 0 | 0 |
| Enrolment change, 5 years | -16.4% | +25.5% |
Results, and results for the money
Stability and risk
The homebuyer’s real question: what is likely to change after I move in?
Norfolk School District
- Declining enrollment Enrolment fell more than 5% over five years. Enrolment decline is the single best predictor of school closures and programme cuts.
Kahlotus School District
No stability flags raised.
| Norfolk School District | Kahlotus School District | |
|---|---|---|
| Enrolment change, 5 years | -16.4% | +25.5% |
| Long-term debt per student | Locked | Locked |
| Debt service share of spending | Locked | Locked |
Enrolling a child
Is a seat at your zoned school guaranteed?
Norfolk School District
We have no such statement from this district — which is not the same as a promise that your zoned school has room. Most districts never publish the policy in either direction, and we have read only a fraction of the ones that do. Ask the school office directly whether your address’s school is enrolling at your child’s grade level before you sign anything.
Kahlotus School District
We have no such statement from this district — which is not the same as a promise that your zoned school has room. Most districts never publish the policy in either direction, and we have read only a fraction of the ones that do. Ask the school office directly whether your address’s school is enrolling at your child’s grade level before you sign anything.
- This is the district’s own published wording, not our summary of it. Policies are rewritten between enrolment seasons and a page can be out of date the day after we read it — the school office is the only authority on whether a particular grade at a particular school is full right now.
- A warning here is about capacity, not about your address. It does not mean your child will be moved; it means the district has told you in writing that it may move them.
Comparability notes
- Cross-state comparison. Dollars below are shown both as reported and adjusted to a common price level, because a dollar buys different amounts of teacher in CT and WA.
- At least one district sits outside a metro area with its own published price index, so its cost adjustment uses the statewide index. That is a coarser adjustment.
What these numbers are, exactly
- Finance: US Census Bureau Annual Survey of School System Finances (F-33), fiscal year 2024.
- Enrolment, staffing and directory: NCES Common Core of Data via the Urban Institute Education Data Portal, 2024.
- Child poverty: Census SAIPE school-district estimates, 2024.
- Price levels: BEA Regional Price Parities, 2024.
- Districts self-report to the F-33 survey. States differ in what they count as an operating expense, and several pay teacher pensions centrally so that cost never appears in a district’s books. No arithmetic fixes that; we name it instead.
- Property tax basis and borrowing: the same F-33 filing, revenue codes T06 and T02 and the long-term debt schedule (_19H, _21F, _31F, _41F).
Who decides, and what it costs you
Every band above this one asks what a district spends. This one asks who chose to.
Norfolk School District
The county or town levies it, not the district
This school system reports no property tax of its own. It is a dependent system: the county or city levies the tax and appropriates money to the schools. You still pay school property tax — the school board simply is not the body that sets it, and the appropriation is argued out at the county or city council.
Kahlotus School District
The district levies its own school tax
This district raises property tax in its own name. Who sets the rate varies by state — an elected board in some, a public vote in others — but the levy is the school system’s own, and it is the part of a tax bill that school politics moves most directly.
| Norfolk School District | Kahlotus School District | |
|---|---|---|
| School property tax levied, per student Only for districts that levy in their own name. Blank where the county or town levies instead — see the cards above, and read the next row. | — | $1,938 |
| Appropriated by the county or town, per student What the parent government handed the schools, for dependent systems. This is a general appropriation, not solely property tax. | $48,589 | — |
| Property tax as a share of all revenue How much of the budget rides on local property values, and therefore on local votes. | — | 3.2% |
| Long-term debt already owed, per student The balance at the end of the year, for scale. Repaid over decades, so it is a commitment made by earlier boards rather than a bill arriving now. | Locked | Locked |
| Debt service as a share of spending Interest plus principal repaid this year, against total spending. This is the part of the debt that is being paid now, out of money that would otherwise reach a classroom. | Locked | Locked |
| New long-term debt issued, per student Money borrowed during fiscal year 2024, as reported to the federal survey. What this figure does and does not tell you is set out under the table. | $0 | $0 |
- Norfolk School District: issued no new long-term debt in fiscal year 2024. That is a reported zero, not a gap in the data.
- Kahlotus School District: issued no new long-term debt in fiscal year 2024. That is a reported zero, not a gap in the data.
- A figure in the borrowing row is not a bond voters approved. The federal survey records debt issued, and that includes refinancing existing debt at a new rate — which changes nothing about what a district owes — as well as certificates of participation and lease-revenue debt, which in many states a board can issue with no referendum at all. To find out what was actually on a ballot, check the county election office.
- Debt is repaid over decades. A large balance per student is a commitment made by earlier boards and earlier voters, not a bill arriving this year. The debt service row above it is the part being paid now.
Who sits on the board
Norfolk School District board of education
- John DeShazo — Board Chair
- Virginia Coleman-Prisco — Vice Chair
- Amy Bennett — Secretary
- Members are elected: “Board members are elected for a two-year or four-year term and may be elected to the position more than once.”
- When the board meets: “The Board meets on the second Tuesday of each month at 5:30pm at Botelle School to hear issues of importance to the school, its teachers, and its families.”
Read from the district’s own board page on 2026-08-24. Boards change; the district’s page is the current record, not ours.
Kahlotus School District board of education
- Kelly Cochrane — Chairman
- Joe Roach — Board Clerk
- Chance Trainer — Vice Chair
Read from the district’s own board page on 2026-08-24. Boards change; the district’s page is the current record, not ours.
Funding measures on the ballot
Norfolk School District
We have not read CT’s election results, so this column is empty because of us and not because of Norfolk School District. Whether it has asked its voters for money is a question its county election office can answer and we cannot, yet.
Kahlotus School District
$1M approved by voters across 5 measures. 2 of these outcomes were published by the state but never certified.
| Election | Measure | Amount | Yes | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-02-10 | Operating levy collected 2027–2028 · $1.47 per $1,000 of assessed value | $280K | 69.4% | Passed |
Locked 4 earlier measures in this district’s history are not shown.
From the state’s own election results file. Latest election on record: 2026-08-04.
What this state publishes: Bonds, capital levies and enrichment levies, as OSPI reports them. Washington bonds need 60% yes and a validation turnout; levies on the same ballot need 50%.
WA published no results for 2022 and 2023 on the page we read, so a measure put to voters in those years would not appear here. That is a gap in the state’s own publishing, not a year we skipped.
- A vote share is not an outcome. What it takes to carry varies by state and by measure — in some states a bond needs a supermajority and a minimum turnout while a levy on the same ballot needs half, so a clear majority can still lose. Every outcome shown here is copied from the state’s own results file, and the rule that applied is stated with the coverage above. Where that file stated no outcome we show the vote share and no verdict, rather than working one out from the percentage.
- These are the measures a district put to its voters, not its whole tax bill. A property tax bill also carries county, city and state levies that have nothing to do with schools, and in most states a school board can issue some kinds of debt with no vote at all.
Unlock the full comparison of Norfolk School District and Kahlotus School District
The verdict, the headline dollar, the funding shares, who is served and every comparability caveat are free above, and stay free. What is behind the lock is the detail you would want before acting on any of it:
- capital spending per student
- total revenue and the funding mix in dollars
- the ten-line per-student breakdown of where the money goes
- counsellor and administrator ratios, and the total salary bill
- the debt behind the risk flags — per student, and as a share of spending
- the full ballot history: 4 more bonds and levies, with the amounts
$19 once for this pair, or $7 a month for every district in the country.
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Compare something else
Norfolk School District on its own · Kahlotus School District on its own