Joseph City Unified District (4388) vs Centennial School District No. R-1
AZ · 415 students • CO · 186 students • fiscal year 2024 • swap sides
In one line
- Centennial School District No. R-1 spends 32% more per student than Joseph City Unified District (4388) after adjusting for local price levels.
- Centennial School District No. R-1 directs 10 more cents of every operating dollar to instruction than Joseph City Unified District (4388).
- Joseph City Unified District (4388) is far more dependent on local property taxes (55% of revenue vs 43%), which ties its budget more tightly to local property values.
- Joseph City Unified District (4388) reports fewer students per teacher (9.9 vs 12.4). This is a staffing ratio, not an average class size.
Are these even comparable?
Establish the shape of each district before reading a single dollar figure.
| Joseph City Unified District (4388) | Centennial School District No. R-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Students enrolled | 415 | 186 |
| Schools | 3 | 1 |
| Grades served | PK–12 | PK–12 |
| Setting | Rural | Rural |
| County | Navajo County | Costilla County |
| State | AZ | CO |
| Local price level (US = 100) BEA Regional Price Parity. Above 100 means a dollar buys less here than the national average. | 100.7 | 103.1 |
The headline dollar
Current operating spending per student, shown three ways. The first is what each district reports. The second and third are the honest ones for comparison.
| Joseph City Unified District (4388) | Centennial School District No. R-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Per student, as reported | $16,773 | $22,634 |
| Per student, price-adjusted Divided by the local price level, so both figures are in the same money. | $16,660 | $21,964 |
| Per student, price-adjusted, excluding transport Transportation provision varies enormously between districts and states. Removing it compares the parts both districts actually do. | $15,759 | $21,171 |
| Capital spending per student Buildings and land, reported separately and never folded into the operating figures above. It is lumpy: a district mid-build looks expensive for two years. | Locked | Locked |
Joseph City Unified District (4388)
Centennial School District No. R-1
Where the money comes from
The funding mix determines how exposed a district is to local property values, to state politics, and to federal programmes ending.
Joseph City Unified District (4388)
- Local 55.2% Locked
- State 24.3% Locked
- Federal 20.5% Locked
Centennial School District No. R-1
- Local 42.7% Locked
- State 44.4% Locked
- Federal 12.9% Locked
| Joseph City Unified District (4388) | Centennial School District No. R-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Local share of revenue Mostly property tax. A high share means school budgets track local property values, up and down. | 55.2% | 42.7% |
| State share of revenue | 24.3% | 44.4% |
| Federal share of revenue | 20.5% | 12.9% |
| Total revenue | Locked | Locked |
How AZ funds its districts
A base support level per weighted pupil, with substantial reliance on voter-approved local overrides and bonds.
How CO funds its districts
The School Finance Act: a statewide base per pupil adjusted by a cost-of-living and size factor, funded by local property tax topped up by the state.
Where the money goes
The same slices in the same order for both districts, plus the differences by function — because two pie charts side by side hide exactly the thing you want to see.
Joseph City Unified District (4388)
- Instruction 43.1% Locked
- Instructional staff support 3.9% Locked
- Student support 10.1% Locked
- Operations & maintenance 18.6% Locked
- Transportation 5.4% Locked
- Food service 4.4% Locked
- School administration 3.7% Locked
- District administration 2.6% Locked
- Other support 8.1% Locked
- Other current 4.4% Locked
Centennial School District No. R-1
- Instruction 54.4% Locked
- Instructional staff support 2.5% Locked
- Student support 3.9% Locked
- Operations & maintenance 10.6% Locked
- Transportation 3.6% Locked
- Food service 4.2% Locked
- School administration 5.7% Locked
- District administration 8.4% Locked
- Other support 6.8% Locked
- Other current 4.2% Locked
What is actually different
Share of each district's operating dollar, Joseph City Unified District (4388) minus Centennial School District No. R-1. Two pie charts side by side are almost impossible to read against each other; this is the same data as one chart.
| Joseph City Unified District (4388) | Centennial School District No. R-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Cents of each operating dollar reaching classrooms Instruction plus instructional staff support, as a share of current spending. | 47.0% | 56.9% |
| Administration share District office plus school administration. | 6.3% | 14.0% |
| Transportation share | 5.4% | 3.6% |
What the money buys
Staffing levels are the most direct thing a budget converts into.
| Joseph City Unified District (4388) | Centennial School District No. R-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Students per teacher This is a staffing ratio: total enrolment divided by teaching staff. It is NOT average class size, which no national source collects. Actual classes are larger than this number in every district. | 9.9 | 12.4 |
| Students per counsellor | Locked | Locked |
| Students per administrator | Locked | Locked |
| Total salaries All staff, not teachers alone. The federal survey does not separate teacher pay. | Locked | Locked |
Who they serve
The answer to "but they serve different kids" — which is usually a fair objection.
| Joseph City Unified District (4388) | Centennial School District No. R-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Child poverty rate Census SAIPE estimate of children aged 5–17 in poverty within the district boundary. Used instead of free-lunch eligibility, which community eligibility has made unusable for comparison. | 29.9% | 32.5% |
| English learners | 0 | 0 |
| Students with disabilities | 0 | 0 |
| Enrolment change, 5 years | -11.5% | -15.1% |
Results, and results for the money
Stability and risk
The homebuyer’s real question: what is likely to change after I move in?
Joseph City Unified District (4388)
- Declining enrollment Enrolment fell more than 5% over five years. Enrolment decline is the single best predictor of school closures and programme cuts.
- Federal cliff exposure More than 20% of revenue is federal, a share that is unusually exposed when temporary federal programmes end.
- Low share reaching classrooms Under 55% of current spending reaches instruction and instructional support, low against national practice.
Centennial School District No. R-1
- Declining enrollment Enrolment fell more than 5% over five years. Enrolment decline is the single best predictor of school closures and programme cuts.
| Joseph City Unified District (4388) | Centennial School District No. R-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Enrolment change, 5 years | -11.5% | -15.1% |
| Long-term debt per student | Locked | Locked |
| Debt service share of spending | Locked | Locked |
Enrolling a child
Is a seat at your zoned school guaranteed?
Joseph City Unified District (4388)
We have no such statement from this district — which is not the same as a promise that your zoned school has room. Most districts never publish the policy in either direction, and we have read only a fraction of the ones that do. Ask the school office directly whether your address’s school is enrolling at your child’s grade level before you sign anything.
Centennial School District No. R-1
We have no such statement from this district — which is not the same as a promise that your zoned school has room. Most districts never publish the policy in either direction, and we have read only a fraction of the ones that do. Ask the school office directly whether your address’s school is enrolling at your child’s grade level before you sign anything.
- This is the district’s own published wording, not our summary of it. Policies are rewritten between enrolment seasons and a page can be out of date the day after we read it — the school office is the only authority on whether a particular grade at a particular school is full right now.
- A warning here is about capacity, not about your address. It does not mean your child will be moved; it means the district has told you in writing that it may move them.
Comparability notes
- Cross-state comparison. Dollars below are shown both as reported and adjusted to a common price level, because a dollar buys different amounts of teacher in AZ and CO.
- At least one district sits outside a metro area with its own published price index, so its cost adjustment uses the statewide index. That is a coarser adjustment.
What these numbers are, exactly
- Finance: US Census Bureau Annual Survey of School System Finances (F-33), fiscal year 2024.
- Enrolment, staffing and directory: NCES Common Core of Data via the Urban Institute Education Data Portal, 2024.
- Child poverty: Census SAIPE school-district estimates, 2024.
- Price levels: BEA Regional Price Parities, 2024.
- Districts self-report to the F-33 survey. States differ in what they count as an operating expense, and several pay teacher pensions centrally so that cost never appears in a district’s books. No arithmetic fixes that; we name it instead.
- Property tax basis and borrowing: the same F-33 filing, revenue codes T06 and T02 and the long-term debt schedule (_19H, _21F, _31F, _41F).
Who decides, and what it costs you
Every band above this one asks what a district spends. This one asks who chose to.
Joseph City Unified District (4388)
The district levies its own school tax
This district raises property tax in its own name. Who sets the rate varies by state — an elected board in some, a public vote in others — but the levy is the school system’s own, and it is the part of a tax bill that school politics moves most directly.
Centennial School District No. R-1
The district levies its own school tax
This district raises property tax in its own name. Who sets the rate varies by state — an elected board in some, a public vote in others — but the levy is the school system’s own, and it is the part of a tax bill that school politics moves most directly.
| Joseph City Unified District (4388) | Centennial School District No. R-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| School property tax levied, per student Only for districts that levy in their own name. Blank where the county or town levies instead — see the cards above, and read the next row. | $10,650 | $9,737 |
| Appropriated by the county or town, per student What the parent government handed the schools, for dependent systems. This is a general appropriation, not solely property tax. | — | — |
| Property tax as a share of all revenue How much of the budget rides on local property values, and therefore on local votes. | 50.7% | 24.1% |
| Long-term debt already owed, per student The balance at the end of the year, for scale. Repaid over decades, so it is a commitment made by earlier boards rather than a bill arriving now. | Locked | Locked |
| Debt service as a share of spending Interest plus principal repaid this year, against total spending. This is the part of the debt that is being paid now, out of money that would otherwise reach a classroom. | Locked | Locked |
| New long-term debt issued, per student Money borrowed during fiscal year 2024, as reported to the federal survey. What this figure does and does not tell you is set out under the table. | $0 | $0 |
- Joseph City Unified District (4388): issued no new long-term debt in fiscal year 2024. That is a reported zero, not a gap in the data.
- Centennial School District No. R-1: issued no new long-term debt in fiscal year 2024. That is a reported zero, not a gap in the data.
- A figure in the borrowing row is not a bond voters approved. The federal survey records debt issued, and that includes refinancing existing debt at a new rate — which changes nothing about what a district owes — as well as certificates of participation and lease-revenue debt, which in many states a board can issue with no referendum at all. To find out what was actually on a ballot, check the county election office.
- Debt is repaid over decades. A large balance per student is a commitment made by earlier boards and earlier voters, not a bill arriving this year. The debt service row above it is the part being paid now.
Funding measures on the ballot
Joseph City Unified District (4388)
We have not read AZ’s election results, so this column is empty because of us and not because of Joseph City Unified District (4388). Whether it has asked its voters for money is a question its county election office can answer and we cannot, yet.
Centennial School District No. R-1
$7M approved by voters in a single measure.
| Election | Measure | Amount | Yes | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| November 2007 | Bond | $7M | 69.3% | Passed |
Locked One earlier measure in this district’s history is not shown.
From the state’s own election results file. Latest election on record: November 2023.
What this state publishes: Bond and mill levy override elections, as CDE records them, through 2023. Colorado districts put other questions to voters — kindergarten mill levies, and everything on a coordinated ballot that is not one of these two — and this file records none of them.
- A vote share is not an outcome. What it takes to carry varies by state and by measure — in some states a bond needs a supermajority and a minimum turnout while a levy on the same ballot needs half, so a clear majority can still lose. Every outcome shown here is copied from the state’s own results file, and the rule that applied is stated with the coverage above. Where that file stated no outcome we show the vote share and no verdict, rather than working one out from the percentage.
- These are the measures a district put to its voters, not its whole tax bill. A property tax bill also carries county, city and state levies that have nothing to do with schools, and in most states a school board can issue some kinds of debt with no vote at all.
What this band does not answer yet
Unlock the full comparison of Joseph City Unified District (4388) and Centennial School District No. R-1
The verdict, the headline dollar, the funding shares, who is served and every comparability caveat are free above, and stay free. What is behind the lock is the detail you would want before acting on any of it:
- capital spending per student
- total revenue and the funding mix in dollars
- the ten-line per-student breakdown of where the money goes
- counsellor and administrator ratios, and the total salary bill
- the debt behind the risk flags — per student, and as a share of spending
- one more measure in the ballot history, with the amount
$19 once for this pair, or $7 a month for every district in the country.
One payment, no account to create. Buy on the web and the iPhone app unlocks with the same receipt.
Compare something else
Joseph City Unified District (4388) on its own · Centennial School District No. R-1 on its own